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Bone age can objectively reflect the human body growth and accurately assess the physical development level.Bone age assessment plays an important role in the growth and development, disease diagnosis and the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy in children and adolescents.In recent years, the artificial intelligence technology has been developed continuously.Applying artificial intelligence technology is expected to realize the automatic assessment of bone age.At present, the artificial intelligence technology of bone age assessment is mainly based on the deep learning (DL) algorithm.Although there have been many research on DL and bone age assessment, most are still in the experimental stage.This study reviews the research and progress of artificial intelligence technology based on DL applied to bone age assessment, aiming to provide reference and research ideas for relevant staff.
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Objective:To explore the detection of potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPB) in the nasopharynx of children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and the influence of PPB types on disease severity.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, clinical data of patients hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis at Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children′s Hospital of Soochow University between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and bacteria in nasopharyngeal secretion of children were detected.They were classified into <3 months group, 3-<6 months group, 6 months-<1 year group and 1-2 years group based on the age.In addition, they were further classified into RSV infection group, RSV+ G + group, RSV+ G - group and RSV+ G + + G - group based on detected PPB in the nasopharynx.Comparison of RSV + PPB frequency between groups was performed by Chi- squared test, clinical characteristics were compared by using Mann- Whitney U test. Results:A total of 280 patients with RSV bronchiolitis were included in the study, involving 113 cases (40.4%) with PPB in the nasopharynx.The most-common detection bacterium was Streptococcus pneumoniae.The detection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae increased with age ( χ2=12.609, P=0.005), while that of Staphylococcus aureus decreased with age ( χ2=8.387, P=0.034). Compared with RSV group, patients in RSV+ G - group had a longer length of stay, higher rate of fever and shortness of breath, higher oxygen supplement and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (all P<0.05). Compared with RSV group, patients in RSV+ G + group were older, and they had higher rate of fever, higher percentage of neutrophil, lower percentage of lymphocyte and higher CRP (all P<0.05). Conclusions:PPB in nasopharynx can be detected in about 40% of children hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis, and nasopharynx complicated with PPB infection may affect the severity of RSV bronchiolitis.
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Objective:To improve understanding of autosomal dominant Coffin-Siris syndrome(CSS) caused by ARID2 variant via analyzing the clinical manifestations and genetic characteristics of this rare disease. Methods:Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a patient with CSS and her parents in Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and genotype and phenotype were further analyzed.Results:The 2-month-old girl was admitted to hospital due to repeated vomiting for more than a month and one-time vaginal bleeding. She presented with severe malnutrition, special facial features, premature development of bilateral breasts, hymen protrusion, and vaginal bleeding. Gene sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous frameshift mutation(c.1919delC, p. P640Lfs*7) in ARID2 gene, and no variant identified with her parents. It has been reported that the clinical manifestations of CSS caused by ARID2 variant are heterogeneous varing, mainly characterized by growth retardation, mental retardation, and feeding difficulties, accompanied by skeletal deformities, behavioral abnormalities, and visual impairment. Endocrine abnormalities are seldomly reported.Conclusion:For patients presenting growth retardation, special facial features, feeding difficulties, and unexplained vaginal bleeding, rare genetic syndrome should be considered and genetic testing be carried out. This is a novel variant(c.1919delC, p.P640Lfs*7) in ARID2.
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OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for pharmaceutical enterprises to better fulfill their social responsibilities . METHODS：Taking the pharmaceutical enterprises listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets as the research objects ，the social responsibility texts and environmental protection texts of the included enterprises from 2017 to 2019 were classified and analyzed according to the three dimensions of time ，ownership and drug production type by using ROST Content Mining 6.0 software. The semantic network and node centrality were analyzed. RESULTS ：From the social responsibility texts of the included enterprises，it could be seen that from the perspective of time dimension ，the included enterprises paid more attention to “employees”，“social responsibility ”and“development”in 2017-2019，and the high-frequency words in the three years were relatively stable. From the perspective of ownership ，state-owned holding enterprises paid more attention to “development”and “targeted poverty reduction ”，while private holding enterprises paid more attention to “employees”，and collective holding enterprises paid more attention to “social responsibility ”. From the perspective of drug production type ，the word frequency of “targeted poverty reduction ”of TCM pharmaceutical enterprises was higher. From the environmental protection texts of the included enterprises，it could be seen that from the time dimension ，the included enterprises paid more and more attention to environmental protection in recent years ，and the description of environmental protection in the texts was more detailed. From the perspective of ownership，private holding enterprises paid more attention to environmental protection than collective holding enterprises and state-owned enterprises. From the perspective of drug production type ，due to the different types of drugs ，chemical drugs ，TCM， biological drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients enterprises had their own characteristics in pollutants and their treatment processes. The results of semantic network and node centrality analysis showed that ，“development”，“protection” and “targeted poverty reduction ”were three high-frequency words with high centrality in the semantic analysis network of social responsibility text ，the middle centrality was 5.555，1.695，1.521 respectively；“emission”and“testing”were two key words with high centrality in the semantic analysis network of environmental protection texts ，the middle centrality was 3.856， 1.914 respectively，which further reflected that the included enterprises paid more attention to the above issues in terms of social responsibility performance and environmental protection. CONCLUSIONS ：The listed pharmaceutical enterprises have a broad consensus on social responsibility in China ，and have well fulfilled their social responsibility ，which is well combined with the current social hot spots. For environmental protection ，as a high pollution industry ，the pharmaceutical enterprises also performs the responsibility of environmental protection.
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OBJECTIVE：To prov ide re ference for the development of biomedical industry in China. METHODS ：The policies and documents issued by 169 national high-tech industrial development zone （hereinafter reffered to as “National high-tech zone ”） official websites from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2019 were collected to screen policies specifically for the biomedical industry and the development policy of biomedical industry mentioned in all industrial policies. Excel 2019 software was used to summarize and analyze policy information. Gensim package was used to preprocess the policy texts and construct LDA topic model to extract the potential semantic information from the policy texts. RESULTS ：A total of 518 policy texts were collected ，including 58 617 effective words ；high-frequency words included project ，talent，support，subsidy，innovation，etc.；8 themes were extracted ， ranked by theme intensity as technological innovation ，talent construction ，financing support ，project financial support ，tax incentives，resource guidance ，export trade ，and construction of small and medium-sized enterprises ，with the intensities of 0.299， 0.168，0.134，0.116，0.113，0.063，0.058 and 0.049，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：The biomedical industry policy of the national high-tech zone is mainly based on technological innovation ，talent construction and financing support ，and lacks attention to the construction of small and medium-sized enterprises ，resource guidance ，and export trade. In the future ，the national high-tech zone ’s policy support and system construction for the biomedical industry should focus on improving policy incentives and balancing the proportion of policy applications in various fields ；encourage enterprises to expand overseas markets ，learn overseas advanced technologies ，and strengthen multilateral cooperation in scientific research and other fields ；support the corresponding policies to enhance exchanges and cooperation between enterprises ，give play to the leading role of leading enterprises and famous brand products ，and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To analyze spatial distribution characteristics of pharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze RiverEconomic Belt，and to provide reference for regional pharmaceutical industry planning. METHODS：Based on the central analysis，agglomerated sub group analysis and secondary assignment program analysis of social network analysis，the industrial relevancebetween regional pharmaceutical industry and regional cities were studied（using the image matrix of agglomerated sub group），using regional pharmaceutical enterprises in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS：The study involved 111 listed pharmaceutical companies in 82 regional cities，and 82 urban nodes formed aregional pharmaceutical industry distribution network，which could generate 8 urban cohesion subgroups，represented by Shanghai，Chengdu and Chongqing；Shanghai and Hangzhou in the Yangtze River Delta，Chengdu and Chongqing in the Chengdu and Chongqing economic circle have more advanced position in network centrality. The centrality of Shanghai was the highest（25.926），followed by Chongqing and Chengdu（both were 19.753）. It shows that the spatial distribution of the pharmaceuticalindustry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a distribution pattern dominated by the Yangtze River Delta urbanagglomeration. At the same time，the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration also shows a greater influence. The regional citiesplay different roles in industrial development. Chongqing and Taizhou have shown stronger industrial radiation capabilities，while?Shanghai and Hangzhou have shown stronger industrial absorption capacity.
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OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for the formulation of Chinese pharmacy accreditation criteria. METHODS： By literature method， the evolution of American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy （AACP） membership criteria were described， and the development of Chinese pharmacy accreditation criteria were also described. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： The membership criteria of AACP are characterized by attaching importance to investigation and research， highlighting goal orientation， keeping pace with the times， and strengthening process supervision. The pharmacy accreditation criteria in China was mainly promoted by the competent education department from top to bottom， which has the characteristics of government dominance， decision-making authority and caution. Compared with the American pharmacy accreditation criteria， there were some problems in our country， such as slow response to professional changes， poor flexibility of system and insufficient reflection of overall professional development. Although there is no real similar organization in China， the development of AAPA membership criteria can be used for reference in China， such as the close relationship between pharmacy industry associations and accreditation organizations， strengthening the construction of pharmaceutical accreditation organizations to maintain their independence and specialty， pharmacy standards dynamic adjustment， etc.
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OBJECTIVE： To set up a standard for evaluating core competency of clinical pharmacists， and to provide reference for competency training and evaluation of clinical pharmacists. METHODS： By Delphi method， the first-level and second-level indicators were summarized and sorted out in three dimensions as research ability， professional ability and comprehensive ability that clinical pharmacists should possess. The second-level indicators were designed as questionnaire items， so as to consult their importance according to Likert 5 grade scoring method. During Jun.-Oct. 2017， 35 experts were selected for the first round of questionnaire consultation， and then the corresponding items were deleted， merged and added. Then the second round of questionnaire consultation was conducted. SPSS 20.0 software was used to input the data of the questionnaire and establish the database， and the experts’ enthusiasm degree， the authority degree and opinion coordination degree were analyzed statistically. RESULTS： The positive coefficients of expert consultation in the first and second rounds of questionnaire consultation were 100％ and 92.9％； the authority degrees of experts were 0.878 6 and 0.901 9； the coordination coefficients of experts were 0.298 and 0.681， respectively. The evaluation standard for core competency of clinical pharmacists was established finally， involving 16 first-level indicators and 41 second-level indicators. The dimension of research ability contained 5 first-level indexes and 8 second-level indexes （3 “extremely important” indexes in latter ones）； the dimension of professional ability contained 5 first-level indexes and 21 second-level indexes （9 “extremely important” indexes in latter ones）； the dimension of comprehensive ability included 6 first-level indexes and 12 second-level indexes （4 “extremely important” indexes in latter ones）. CONCLUSIONS： The most important core competence of clinical pharmacists is professional competence， and the most important responsibility orientation and work assessment focus is to participate in clinical treatment of patients. Clinical pharmacists should pay attention to communication with medical staff and patients， and establish the concept of lifelong learning. The experts in this consultation and research are highly motivated and authoritative， and have good coordination of opinions. The core competence evaluation criteria can provide a basis for the training and evaluation of clinical pharmacists.
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Objective To analyze the immunostimulatory effects of cyclic dinucleotides ( CDN) on immune responses to a nasal spray influenza split virus vaccine and to evaluate its potential as a mucosal ad-juvant. Methods A H1N1 influenza split virus vaccine combined with different CDN was used for mouse immunization. Each mouse was intranasally immunized twice with 4. 5μg of hemagglutinin (HA) and 10μg of CDN with an interval of 21 d. Titers of hemagglutination inhibition ( HI) antibodies in serum, secretory IgA ( sIgA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and IgG in serum were detected 21 d after the last immunization. Immunostimulatory activities of different CDN were compared. Effects of cyclic di-GMP ( c-di-GMP) and ch-itosan (CSN) on the immunogenicity of H1N1 and H7N9 influenza split vaccines were analyzed and com-pared. H1N1 influenza split vaccine combined with c-di-GMP or CSN was used to immunize mice. Three weeks after the last immunization, these mice were challenged with 10 times the median lethal dose ( LD50 ) of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus. Survival rates of the mice were observed for 14 d. Results All three CDN induced high levels of HI antibodies and IgG in serum and sIgA in BALF. HI antibody sero-conversion rates were also higher than those of the control groups. c-di-GMP was superior to CSN in enhan-cing the immunogenicity of H1N1 and H7N9 antigens as higher titers of HI antibodies in serum and sIgA in BALF were induced. Conclusions CDN could enhance the immunogenicity of influenza antigens with better efficacy than CSN adjuvant.
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Objective To investigate the value of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) in progression and prognosis of non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC),in order to find new targets for NSCLC-targeted imaging and radiation therapy.Methods Fresh tissues (n =24) and paraffin embedding tissues (n =109) of patients with NSCLC were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between November 2009 and March 2012.Quantitative real time-PCR was used for the investigation of expression of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 mRNA in 24 NSCLC patients.Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used for detecting LGR5 and ALDH1A1 expressions in NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues.Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney u test,x2 test,Pearson correlation analysis,Kaplan-Meier method,Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results Compared with adjacent normal tissues,LGR5 and ALDH1A1 mRNA were frequently increased in NSCLC tissues (u values:150,74,both P＜0.01),and the expression of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 mRNA was significantly correlated (r=0.416,P＜0.05).Positive LGR5 and ALDH1A1 expression was defined in 28.44％ (31/109) and 41.28％ (45/109) of the NSCLC tumors,respectively.Further analysis indicated that 24 of the LGR5 positive samples (77.42％,24/31) expressed ALDH1A1 (r=0.388,P＜0.01).LGR5 and ALDH1A1 ex pressions in NSCLC with higher TNM stage were significantly higher than those in NSCLC with lower TNM stage (x2 values:4.64,5.24,both P＜0.05).Coexpression of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 in NSCLC with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in NSCLC without lymph node metastasis (x2=4.12,P＜0.05).High expression of LGR5 or ALDH1A1 was related to poor prognosis (x2 values:6.24,4.18,both P＜0.05),and NSCLC patients with coexpression of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 had a poorer prognosis than the others (x2 =10.63,P＜0.01).Both of them were independent risk factors of a poorer prognosis (corrected hazard ratio (95％ CI):2.361(1.106-5.037),2.306(1.101-4.830);both P＜0.05).Conclusions The expressions of LGR5 and ALDH1A1 are closely associated with the tumorigenesis,metastasis and poor prognosis of NSCLC.LGR5 and ALDH1A1 might be new targets for NSCLC-targeted tumor imaging and radiation therapy.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the spatial distribution characteristics of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in China. METHODS:According to public data of listed company,social network analysis method was used to analyze the data of listed companies in China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in respect of network density analysis(including overall network density and individual network density),network centrality analysis,cohesion analysis,core-edge analysis. The discussion and suggestion was put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:As of Sept. 30th,2015,there were 168 listed companies of national A share listed pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Analysis of social network analysis software showed that the density of spatial city association network in China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry was 0.021 0,and the network was also much dispersed, among which Beijing,Tianjin and Shanghai had the largest individual network. In network centrality analysis,the point outdegree of the whole network was 1.604% and the point indegree was 1.761%. The point outdegree and point indegree of Beijing were all in the forefront. The betweenness centrality of Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin and Shenzhen was in high level relatively,and the eigenvector centrality of Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Kunming,Shenzhen and Guangzhou was in high level relatively. Results of cohesion analysis were more comprehensive,the cities in the network could be divided into 8 subgroups. The whole network showed a more obvious core-edge feature. So,the coordinated development of China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry can be promoted by paying attention to play radiation driving role of industrial center city,promoting coordinated development of regional industry and forming industrial agglomeration network.
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Objective To study the impacts of B7-H3 molecule on the proliferation of T lymphocytes in different activation conditions and on the secretion of relevant cytokines.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy subjects to separate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation.T lymphocytes were isolated from some of the PBMCs and purified with T Cell Enrichment Kit.PBMC and purified T lymphocytes were activated by anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies (McAb) in vitro.Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the expression of CD28 and CTLA-4 on T lymphocytes at different time points for further analyzing the activation states of T lymphocytes.On this basis, human B7-H3-Fc fusion protein was added into the mixed co-cultivation system on days 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, and Hu-Fc fusion protein was used as isotype control.CCK-8 method was performed to detect the proliferation of T lymphocytes in each group.ELISA method was used to detect the secretion of cytokines (IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ) and to analyze the immune responses induced by stimulating T lymphocytes at different states of activation with B7-H3.Results B7-H3 molecule significantly inhibited the quiescent T lymphocytes from secreting IL-2 and IL-10, but had no significant impact on IFN-γ secretion.Moreover, it significantly promoted the activated T lymphocytes to secret IL-2 and IFN-γ, but had no obvious impact on IL-10 secretion.Results of the cell proliferation assay showed that B7-H3 molecule inhibited the in vitro proliferation of T lymphocytes in the PBMC, but had no obvious impact on purified T lymphocytes.ConclusionThe regulatory effects of B7-H3 molecule on the immune functions of T lymphocytes vary with the activation states of T lymphocytes.
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Objective To compose and evaluate the measurement uncertainty of two kinds of chemiluminescence detection system using different methods.Methods The measurement uncertainty was composed by 4 different methods:(1) U 1％ was composed of within-run CV(CVw ％),between-run CV(CVB ％)and bias (CVBias ％);(2) U2％ was composed of CVB ％ and uncertainty of calibration (CVcal ％);(3) U3％ was composed of CVW％,CVs％ and CVcal％;(4) U4％ was composed of CVW％,CVB％,CVBias％ and CVcal％.The measurement uncertainty of Architect i2000SR system (Abbott,USA) and DXI800 system (Beckman,USA) was assessed.Pearson correlation analysis,Spearman correlation analysis,Paried t test and Mann-Whitney u test were performed to analyze the data.Results For Architect i2000SR system,U1％,U2％,U3％ and U4％ were significantly correlated (r=0.727-0.988,all P＜0.05),U3％ and U2％ were significantly different (t =6.88,P＜0.05),U4％ and U1％ were significantly different (t =6.21,P＜0.05).For DXI800 system,U1％,U2％,U3％ and U4％ were also significantly correlated (r =0.608-0.975,all P＜0.05),no significant difference was found between U3％ and U2％ (z=-1.33,P＞0.05),or between U4％ and U 1％ (z =-1.04,P＞ 0.05);the expanded measurement uncertainty was correlated with CVW％,CVB％,CVBias％(rs=0.653-0.912,all P＜0.05),but not with CVcal％(rs=0.548,P＞0.05).Conclusions For Architect i2000SR system,the fourth method is more proper to compose the measurement uncertainty (U4％).For DXI800 system,the first method is more appropriate (U1％).According to the contribution of different components to the measurement uncertainty,the measurement quality could be improved by reducing the imprecision and bias.
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OBJECTIVE:To know the current situation of pharmaceutical industry in China and provide suggestion for its fur-ther development. MATHODS:The structure-conduct-performance model in industrial organization theory was adopted to analyze the pharmaceutical industry statistics data in China from 2004 to 2012. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The characteristic of pharma-ceutical industry market structure was numerous pharmaceutical industries,but with low industry concentration;market entry barri-ers were low;the degree of product differentiation was increasing;new product output rate was basically increased year by year in recent years. The characteristic of pharmaceutical industry market conduct was weak pricing power,more than 2 400 drugs’pricing were monitored by government;the advertisement input of drugs was increased,and only 2013 ads served through the network plat-form was reached 630 million yuan;pharmaceutical industry mergers and acquisitions were active,and there were 43 public phar-maceutical industry mergers and acquisitions in 2013;R & D spending was annually increased,and the numbers of patent applica-tions and invention patents in force in 2012 were respectively 9 580 and 10 073. The characteristic of market performance was in-crease of sales profit rate year by year,reaching 11% in 2012;the output rate of new products for several years growth rate was reached 16.68% in 2011. However,there are still large gap between China and foreign pharmaceutical industry. It is suggested that the industry structure of development of pharmaceutical industry in China should be improved by strategic merger;increase R & D input;focus on building innovative research and development platform,improve collaborative innovation capability;strengthen monitoring of pharmaceutical industry,and implement standardized management.
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Objective: To plan the future for the establishment and development of health econometrics in China. Methods: To analyze the main current situation of the research on domestic and oversea health econometrics, and to look into the prospective future of its application field of public health in China. Results: Overseas studies on health economics have been relatively mature and extended to generate health econometrics as the independent discipline. However, the research on health economics in China is lagging, and on health econometrics even vacant. Conclusion: The results from foreign studies have revealed that this new discipline plays a unique and significant role in medical health research. Health econometrics occupies broad application prospect in the field of public health in China, which should be paid more attention and support.
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Objective To investigate the impact of percutaneous coronary interventional (PCI) on the inflammatory indices and postoperative vascular restenosis.Methods This study involved 90 patients undergoing PCI procedures for Coronary artery disease (CAD) compromising a single coronary artery.Fourty healthy individuals with normal findings by coronary angiography were selected as the control group.Before and after PCI or coronary angiography,plasma hs-CRP and IL-6 were measured in all the subjects by immunonephelometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA),respectively.Results (1) In the CAD patients,the plasma hs-CRP level was significantly elevated after PCI as compared with the preoperative level((18.69 ±5.14) mg/L vs (14.45 ± 4.32) mg/L,t =1.42,P ＜ 0.01),whereas in the control group,the hs-CRP level underwent no significant changes after coronary angiography((13.59 ±5.99) mg/L vs(12.46 ±5.35) mg/L,t =1.25,P ＞ 0.05).(2) PCI procedures also resulted in significant elevation of plasma IL-6 level in the CAD patients((1.87±0.45) pg/L vs (1.35 ±0.39) pg/L,t =1.33,P＜0.01),but in the control group,IL-6 showed no significant variation after coronary angiography ((1.32 ± 0.41) pg/L vs (1.21 ± 0.38)pg/L,t =1.16,P ＞ 0.05).We observed significant difference of hs-CRP and IL-6 levels between the CAD patient group and the control group (t =4.96,6.61 respectively,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Plasma hs-CRP and IL-6 are elevated in CAD patients following PCI procedures.But the roles of elevated hs-CRP and IL-6 in the vascular restenosis following the procedures need further investigation.
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Objective To prepare an experimental encephalomyocarditis virus ( EMCV) vaccine and study its immunogenicity .Methods EMCVs were cultured in Vero cells and viral titer was detected by micro cytopathy method .A series of procedures including concentration , filtration and ultracentrifugation were conducted to purify EMCVs .Formaldehyde and β-propiolactone were used for viral inactivation and their efficacy was evaluated .The median lethal dose ( LD50 ) of EMCV was measured by using Reed-Muench method.The serum antibody titers in BALB/c mice vaccinated with different immunization strategies were analyzed through microneutralization assay .Then the immunized mice were challenged with 100LD50 , 50LD50 and 25LD50 of EMCV by intraperitoneal injection .Results The viruses could be inactivated by β-propiolactone at a volume ratio of 1 ∶4000 for 12 hours at 4℃.The LD50 of EMCV was 17 CCID50/ml.The immunized mice produced neutralizing antibodies and displayed resistance to EMCV infection.Conclusion The experimental EMCV vaccine could induce protective antibodies in mice .
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Objective To explore and develop methods for encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) identification.Methods According to the genetic sequence VR-129B of EMCV recorded in the GenBank,five gene fragments were selected to design primer sequence pairs.RNA was extracted to run RT-PCR,and then the products of amplification were identified by agarose gel electrophoresis.The results of DNA sequences were compared with the sequences in GenBank of the same EMCV strains.Antiserum was prepared based on the EMCV cultured in RK cells for establishing indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and neutralization test method,and verification for precision and specificity of the two methods were carried out after it.Antiserum that was prepared with GST-VP1 and GST-VP2 expressed in E.coli was reacted with the purified EMCV in Western blot test.Results By sequencing and comparing,the similarity of DNA fragments between the obtained and the GenBank recorded was reached 98％ to 100％.The antiserum of No.20100901 batch that was chosen as the first antibody at a dilution of 1 ∶ 160 to develop IIFA brought about a better specificity.The neutralization titers of 20100901 batch antiserum was 1 ∶ 30 211 measured by fixing virus and diluting serum method,which showed good specificity and precision.The results of the Western blot test showed two clear bands above and under 33×103 respectively,which matched the theoretical value.Conclusion The RT-PCR,indirect immunofluorescence,neutralization test and Western blot method for EMCV strains identification were established initially.
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Objective To access the effect of intermittent catheterization (IC) on the urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods Sixty patients of spinal cord injury combined with urinary tract infec-tion were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (32 patients) treated with sensitive antibiotics and IC;control group (28 patients) treated with sensitive antibiotics only. Both groups were treated for two weeks. Results In the treatment and control group,the cure rate was 56% and 29% ,respectively,the total effective rate was 91% and 64% in the treatment and control group,respectively,the clearance rate of bacteria was 81% and 57% ,respec-tively. All differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusions IC can improve the effect of antibiotic on urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury, and might be effective on the treatment of urinary tract infection caused by various neurogenic bladders.
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Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast approach conventional open thyroidectomy in patients with nodular goiter. Methods A series of 70 patients with unilateral nodular goiter divided into two groups, either receiving endoscopic thyroidectomy through breast approach(endoscopic group,35 cases),or conventional open thyroidectomy(open group,35 cases). The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results The operating time of endoscopic group was significantly longer in the endoscopic group (100.4±26.6)min than in the open group (73.5±14.5) min(t=5. 627, P=0. 000). The postoperative drainage volume in the endoscopic group (66.7±24.9) ml significantly more than that in the open group ( 13.3±6.4)ml( t = 14. 403, P = 0. 000 ). The postoperative hospital stasignificantly longer in the endoscopic group (4.3±1.1 )d than in the open group (3.6±0.9)d(t=2.886, P=0.005). And a satisfactory cosmetic result was achieved in significantly more patients in the endoscopic group(9/24 cases) than in the open group(34/51 )(x2 = 7.235, P=0.007). There was no significant difference in intraoperative loss between the endoscopic group (22.5±15.3)ml and the open group (18.3±7.5 )ml(t=1.273, P=0.207), a consumption of analgesics between the endoscopic group (9/24 eases) and the open group(21/51 cases) (X2=0.028, P=0.867), respectively. No severe complications was encountered ,such as massive hemorrhage,injuries of the recurrent or sularyngeal nerve, or parathyroidgland injury. Conclusion Both breast approach endoscopic thyroidectomy and conventional open thyroidectomy are safe and effective, former gives better cosmetic outcomes.